Kind Of Text

ENGLISH TASKS

“ KIND OF TEXT ”

By :

Novi Dwi Etsanto / XII IPS 1 / 17

SMA NEGERI 1 SITUBONDO

Jl. PB Sudirman 5A Telp. (0338) 671524 Situbondo 68312 Jawa Timur

TAHUN PELAJARAN 2012/2013

 

1.PROCEDURE TEXT

Purpose: To help readers how to do or make something completely

Generic Structure :
1. Goal/Aim : the final purpose of doing the instruction

2. Materials/Equipments : ingredients, utensils, equipment, to do the instruction

 3. Steps/Methods : a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms

Goal : How To Making Meatballs

Material : What you need for the ingredients :

• 1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef)
• 2 egg
• 300 grams of tapioca-flour
• 4-8 cloves of garlic
• 1 red onion
• 1 teaspoon of white pepper
• 2 teaspoons of salt

Step : The steps to make meatballs

These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball, the soup is made separately.
First of all,mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.
Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the minced meat.
After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth. Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.
Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.

Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface the meatball are ready to serve.

2. REPORT TEXT

Purpose: to presents information about something, as it is.

Generic Stucture :

1. General classification :  introduces the topic of the reports/tells what phenomenon under discussing it

2. Description : tell the details of topic such as physical appearance parts, qualities, habits/behavior
Dominant Language Feature

1. Introducing group or general aspect

2. Using conditional logical connection

3. Using Simple Present Tense

KOMODO DRAGON

General Classification : Do you know what is the largest lizard? This lizard is called komodo. It lives in the scrub and woodland of a few Indonesian islands.

Description : Komodo dragon is the world's heaviest lizard, weighing 150 pounds or more. The largest Komodo ever measured was more than 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighed 366 pounds (166 kg) but the average size of komodo in the wild is about 8 feet (2.5 meters) long and 200 pounds (91 kg)

Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerful limbs and a muscular tail. They use their keen sense of smell to locate decaying animal remains from several miles away. They also hunt other lizards as well as large mammals and are sometimes cannibalistic.

The Komodo dragon's teeth are almost completely covered by its gums. When it feeds, the gums bleed, creating an ideal culture for virulent bacteria. The bacteria that live in the Komodo dragon's saliva causes septicemia, or blood poisoning, in its victims. A dragon will bite its prey, then follow it until the animal is too weak to carry on.

This lizard species is threatened by hunting, loss of prey species and habitat loss.

3.RECOUNT TEXT

Purpose: to retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation : who were involved, when and where was it happened
2. Event(s) : tell what happened in a chronological order
3. Reorientation : optional-closure of events
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives

MY BUSY DAY

Orientation : Last Monday was a busy day for me. I spent my time to do a lot of activities from college to my home.

Event : First, at the morning, I did my presentation's assignment with my partner, she was Nurhidayah. It took 3 hours. And then we went to the campus for joining lecture. But, the lecturer said that our presentation would be started next week. It made us disappointed. The class was finished at 12.30.

After that, I had to go home because my grandmother was in a bad condition. She was hospitalized. So, it was a must for me to back home at that time. When I got there, there were so many members of my family. There were about 10 people. My aunt, my niece, my uncle and some of my cousins. We all hoped that our grandmother would get better soon.
 

Reoriantation : Those activities made my day busy.

4.NARRATIVE TEXT

Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation : Who was involved, when and where was it happened
2. Complication : A problem arises and followed by other problems
3. Resolution : Provide solution the problem
4. Reorientation (Optional)
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged

CINDERELLA

Orientation : Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.

Complication : The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear.

One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.

“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.

Resolution : Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.

Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.

A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Reoriantation : Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.

5.NEWS ITEM

Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important

Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s) : tells the event in a summary from
2. Background event(s) : elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident
3. Sources : comments by participant, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in the event

Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

Pamekasan student wins math contest in Romania

Main Events : Alyssa Diva Mustika, a student from Pamekasan Junior High School, East Java, won the gold medal at the International Mathematics Contest held in Romania between March 22 to 29, Antara news agency reported.

Elaboration : Speaking to journalists, Diva said she was glad that she had been able to win the competition, which she said had been very tight. “Thank God I won. I will study harder,” she said.

Indonesia sent 10 students to the competition in Romania. Diva is not the first Pamekasan student to win an international science competition. Oktavian Latief, a student from SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan won gold at the International Physics Olympiad in 2006. Another student, Shohibul Maromi, won the same award in 2010.

Sources : “I thank Diva for giving a good name to Indonesia and Pamekasan on the international stage,” Pamekasan Regent Kholilurrahman said as quoted by Antara.

6.HORTATORY TEXT

Purpose: to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done

Generic Structure:
1. Thesis : stating an issue of concern

2. Arguments : giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation

3. Recommendation : stating what ought or ought not to happen

Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition

Television for Social Construction

Thesis : Television is today a part of daily life. It is not only a source of entertainment but also news and information. television is also a valuable tool for science, education and industry.

Argument : What makes television even more interesting is that action is accompanied by sound, so that we can see as well as hear what on the television. Today we can stay at home and enjoy entertainment that once could be seen only in cinema, theaters and sport arenas. Television enables to meet important people. It can bring important guests and important scene to receivers who are located anywhere.

Television has a great influence on our idea about what is right and what is wrong. It influences the way which we should behave. Television has close related to our life in general. Some times the value and life style we get from television are in conflict with those that we get at home and school. 

Recommendation : Critics point out that crime and TV show often appeal to taste for violence, while many games and quizzes appeal to greedy. it is important to suggest that television should be used for socially constructive purpose for the shake of better life. 

7.ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Purpose: To reveal the readers that something is the important case

Generic Structure:

1. Thesis : usually includes a preview argument. It introduce topics and indicates the writer’s position

2. Arguments : consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence

3. Reiteration/Conclusion : restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition

The Power of Music in our life

Thesis : Do you agree that music is important in our life? Yes I do, music has certain role completing our day to day activities. Here are some reasons why music is heard everywhere and anywhere.

Argument : Music is a way to express feelings. When we fall in love, the kind of music we’d listen to would be all about love. When we’re sad, we would go for music that is melancholic in nature and immerse ourselves in the sadness. When we’re happy, we’d choose songs with happy tunes too.

Song can help to memorize the last experiences. A favorite song is a powerful documentary. People with Alzheimer which are impaired the brain would remember details about songs they were familiar with. For example, an elderly woman who couldn’t even remember her husband’s name would remember the details of her favorite song; when it was played, how it made her feel and things about the song that made it especially memorable for her.
Further, music can unite people for a cause and changes the world. A song with good lyric and striking deep chord can stimulate the universal feeling of all people. We can see it in the case of the famous and legendary Michael Jacson's Heal the World. It can arouse humanism of a lot people in this world.

Conclusion : So what would the world be like without music? It would be lonely.

8.DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.

Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification : identify phenomenon to be described
2. Description : describe parts, qualities, characteristics
Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms

Lampung University

Identification : Lampung University or Unila is one of the best universities in Sumatra. This university is the pride of Lampung society and it was produced by the best people of Lampung.

Description : The university is located in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. In 1965, Unila was decided as a university by the government decision. In the beginning of this university, Unila only had two faculties, Law Faculty and Economic Faculty, and Unila was located in the three areas. There were on Hasanudin street, Jendral Suprapto street, and Sorong Cimeng street. Since 1974, Unila had been built in Gedong Meneng. Now, every faculty has been located at that location.

Spesifically, Unila is located on Jalan Soemantri Bojonegoro No.1, Bandar Lampung. Unila is popular as a green campus because there are many trees in every areas of this university. It shows that Unila care to the environment and this behavior must be modeled by other university, especially in Lampung. Unila has many facilities besides faculty buildings. It’s useful for students to study and to apply other activities. Unila has GSG and it is used for many events, such as; graduation of students or lecturers, and orientation meeting for the new students. In front of GSG, there is a library. In the library, there are many useful books for students in helping their academic activity. Unila also has a Rectorate building where rector and his assistants do their job.

In the future development, Unila want to build a hospital and it has a program to become Top Ten University in 2025.    

9. DISCUSSION TEXT

Purpose: to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)

Generic Structure:
1. Issue : statement and preview
2. Arguments for and against : Argument for and against or statement of different points of view

3. Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Issue : Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

Argument : Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

• It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
• It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
• It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
• It produces small amount of waste.
• It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.

Conclusion : People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

10. SPOOF

Purpose: to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation : who were involved, when and where was happened
2. Event(s) : tell what happened in a chronological order

3. Twist : provide the funniest part of the story

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged

Bad Dream

Once there was a couple sleeping. The wife had a bad dream. She woke up. She was scared and cried.

Her husband tried to make her comfortable and asked why she cried. Then she replied: “I had a dream that a very rich and handsome man kidnapped me from you.” Hearing his wife answer, the husband said: “It is ok honey, it was just a dream”.

Immediately the wife responded loudly: “That is why I’m crying.”

Orientation: Wife and her husband

Events: The husband makes her wife calm. The wife tells his dream about kidnapping. Then the husband make his wife that it was just a dream

Twist: The wife answer is twisting. What makes her crying is actually the kidnapping was only a dream

11. ANECDOTE TEXT

Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident
Generic Structure:
1. Abstract : signals the retelling of an unusual incident

2. Orientation : sets the scene

3. Crisis : provides details of the unusual incident

4. Reaction : reaction of crisis

5. Coda.

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions

Snake in the Bath

Abstract : How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!

Orientation : We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.

Crisis : Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.

Reaction/Incident : For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d probably have leant over the bath to get a better look!

Coda : Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.

12. REVIEW TEXT

Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation : background information on the text

2. Evaluation : concluding statement/judgement/opinion

3. Interpretative Recount : summary of an art work including characters and plot

4. Evaluation

5. Evaluative Summation : the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art work being criticized

Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor

2012 Film

Orientation : 2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other end-of-days prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.

Evaluation : 2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.

Interpretative Recount : Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich' 2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to warn his listeners about Armageddon.

Evaluative Summation : All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.

13. EXPLANATION TEXT

Purpose: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Generic Structure:
1. General statement : to position the reader

2. Explanation : A sequence explanation of why or how something occurs
3. Closing
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

How Earthquakes Happen

General Statement : Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Explanation : Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

Closing : During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

14. ADVERTISMENT

Purpose : To promote the ad text (to promote, to advertise, to persuade) services or products

Generic Stucture :

1.Name of Product

2.Explanation of the text

Dominant Language :

1. Simple Present Tense.

2. Passive Voice.

Example Advertisement :

Why Wait for a Better Job
Get a great job now!

National air is hiring full time representatives For Sales and Reservasionts. Talk to our employees and discover why we're the best thing in the air.

Open House

National air Headquarters

15. ANNOUNCEMENT

Purpose : To give a formal writtten notice of certain events. Ex.written notice,
news of birth,wedding and events.

Structure of Announcement:
1. Title
2. Opening
3. Purpose of announcement
4. Content of announcement
5. Date/time/place
6. Contact person
7. Closing

Language Feature :

1.Simple Present Tense

Example :

Pay attention.
Our school will have a debate competition.
Participants : All students in our school.
Time : 10th-12th August 2009
Prices : I. Rp.2,000,000
II. Rp.1,500,000
III. Rp.1,000,000
Please join us1!

 
16. REVIEW TEXT

Purpose : To critique or review an art of work or event for public audience

Generic Structure :

1. Orientation : background information on the text

2. Evaluation : concluding statement/judgement/opinion

3. Interpretative recount : summary of an art work including characters and plot

4.Evaluative summation : the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art work being criticized

Language Feature : Complex sentence

Example Text :

Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest

(Adventure, 157 minutes)

Starring: Johnny Depp, Orlando Bloom, Keira Knightley, Bill Nighy.
Directed by: Gore Verbinski.
Released by: Walt Disney Pictures.

In this sequel to the 2003 highly successful film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, you can see everyone’s favourite scoundrel, Captain Jack Sparrow (the brilliant Johny Depp) trying to weasel out of paying a blood debt owed to the mythical Davy Jones, the captain of the otherworldly ship The Flying Dutchman.

Time is being his biggest enemy, and Sparrow pulls every trick he knows to find a way to escape the 100 years of servitude owed to Davy Jones. His old friends, Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) and Will Turner (Orlando Bloom), are once again sucked into Sparrow’s misadventures.

The success of the first sequel relied on the simple thrill ride charm of a classic swashbuckler. Unfortunately, this second sequel over extends that charm without adding anything new other than a long, contrived and rather unnecessary plot twist.

The only true pleasurable aspect of this film is Deep’s reprise of Sparrow, which never fails to generate laughs. Without Deep, this film would have simply drowned in an ocean of redundancy.